In a new study, researchers identify biomarkers that may predict the efficacy of low-dose IL-2 (Ld-IL2) treatment in people with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). IL-2 stands for interleukin-2 – a molecule that plays an integral role in the immune system. Defective IL-2 production contributes to the unbalanced immune system in SLE. Rash, lower complement 3 (C3) levels, and renal involvement surfaced as strong predictors for favorable response to treatment. 

Researchers analyzed data from 342 people with SLE undergoing Ld-IL2 treatment, of which 314 had been undergoing treatment for more than three months. Each case was categorized as responsive or not responsive to treatment. Rash, C3 levels, and renal involvement (characterized by proteinuria, urine occult blood, and urine casts) emerged as key predictors. 

Additionally, notable differences in CD4+ T cell immune profiles were observed between responders and non-responders. Statistical analysis validated rash, C3 levels, and renal involvement as reliable predictors. The investigators also looked at the efficacy of combining Ld-IL2 treatment with conventional therapies and found mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) was more likely to achieve favorable response in combination with Ld-IL2. 

The identification of these predictors underscores the need for personalized treatment approaches in SLE and can aid physicians in making more informed treatment decisions for patients. Learn more about treating lupus.

Read the study